Seam of Diatomite Adjacent to Collection Outcrop

The specimens in this collection came from Bain's Farm near Oamaru in New Zealand (lat -45.100657 lon 170.888204, elevation ~ 100 meters). In 2003, friends of Bill Dailey collected samples at the outcrop of diatomite shown at the arrow in the illustration. Bill cleaned the samples and sent material to Mary Ann Tiffany (then at the Center for Inland Waters and Department of Biology of San Diego State University, California, US) who made the images in this collection. This web page is a tribute to their work.

This selection of images is certainly not an exhaustive inventory of Oamaru diatoms but it contains studies of genera such as Kittonia, Gyrosigma, and Aulacodiscus.

Bill Dailey (US) provided the single list of the images used for the gallery. Rob Kimmich (US) provided text and code for the page. Mary Ann Tiffany (US) provided the images, magnification table, identifications, as well as the inspiration to attempt this project. David Walker (UK) hosted the project on Micscape Magazine. Bill and David provided testing and comments on design and content. These collaborators are members of Diatom Forum. Jakub Witkowski (University of Szczecin, Poland) helped greatly with naming specimens and provided insights into problems of working with fossil diatoms.

Several abbreviations are used in the names on this web page (Wikipedia 2023).

var. variety (in Latin, varietas) is a taxonomic rank below species and subspecies, but above form.

f. form (in Latin, forma) is one of the secondary taxonomic ranks and is placed below variety which is below species. It is an infraspecific taxon. If more than three ranks are listed in describing a taxon, this is the "classification" of the taxon. The "name" of the taxon may be reduced to only three parts: a genus name, a specific epithet, and an infraspecific epithet (such as var. or f.).

Version 1 was started in February 2023 and completed in March 2023. This is Version 2. It was started in March 2023 and completed in May 2023. It contains name changes, puts the references in the enlargement window that is reached by clicking an image.

As often happens, diatom references may be out of print or behind various pay walls, though some may be in the public domain. Authors are often willing to share copies of their work.

Brown, N.E. (1933) Arachnoidiscus. Watson & Sons, Ltd, London. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/diatomist/Arachnoidiscus.pdf.

Charles, Nigel (2017). Oamaru diatoms. https://www.oamarudiatoms.co.uk/index.html. [Nigel died in 2018. His website is now maintained by Anne Gleich.]

Crawford, R.[M.] & Sims, P.A. (2006). The diatoms Radialiplicata sol (Ehrenberg) Glezer and R. clavigera (Grunow) Glezer and their transfer to Ellerbeckia Crawford, thus a genus with freshwater and marine representatives. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft 130: 137-162.

Dailey, W. (2004) Oamaru diatomite collection sites. https://diatomsamples.weebly.com/oamaru-diatomite.html.

Desikachary, T.V., and P.M. Sreelatha (1989) Oamaru diatoms. Bibliotheca Diatomologica, Berlin, Band 19, 330 pp plus 145 plates. [Abbreviated here as D&S.]

Edwards, A.R. (compiler) (1991) The Oamaru diatomite. New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin 64, 260 pp.

Guiry, M.D. in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2016) Rattrayella oamaruensis. AlgaeBase, National University of Ireland, Galway. https://www.algaebase.org; retrieved on 28 February 2023. https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=136831

Heck, Paul-Rainer (2015) Die fossilen Diatomeen Oamarus (Neuseeland) aus den Sammlungen von Bernard Hartley und Nigel Charles. Self-published in PDF form.

Kociolek, J.P.; Blanco, S.; Coste, M.; Ector, L.; Liu, Y.; Karthick, B.; Kulikovskiy, M.; Lundholm, N.; Ludwig, T.; Potapova, M.; Rimet, F.; Sabbe, K.; Sala, S.; Sar, E.; Taylor, J.; Van de Vijver, B.; Wetzel, C.E.; Williams, D.M.; Witkowski, A.; Witkowski, J. (2023). DiatomBase. Accessed at https://www.diatombase.org on 2023-04-30. doi:10.14284/504 [Here, Kociolek et al. (2023)]

Miranda, Salvador Valenzuela in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2016) Ellerbeckia clavigera. AlgaeBase https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=147257

Refsnes Data (1999-2023) A school for web developers. https://www.w3schools.com/about/default.asp. [Very useful for writing web applications. Contains many up to date examples of code for web pages.]

Richman, David B and Carter, Richard (2007). Oamaru Diatoms. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjun07/dr-rc-oamaru.pdf.

Ross, Robert (1995) A revision of Rutilaria Greville (Bacillariophyta). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum. Botany series 25(1), 1–93. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128057

Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990). The diatoms: biology and morphology of the genera. pp. [i-ix], 1-747. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Schmidt, A. (0) (1874-1959). Atlas der Diatomaceen-Kunde, von Adolf Schmidt, continued by Martin Schmidt, Friedrich Fricke, Heinrich Heiden, Otto Muller, Friedrich Hustedt. Reprint 1972, 480 plates.

Sims, P.A. (2006) A REVISION OF THE GENUS RATTRAYELLA DE-TONI INCLUDING A DISCUSSION ON RELATED GENERA, Diatom Research, 21:1, 125-158, DOI:10.1080/0269249X.2006.9705656

Spaulding et al. (2021) Glossary. Retrieved on 27 Feb 2023 from https://diatoms.org/glossary.

Spaulding et al. (2023) Taxa by Morphology. Retrieved on 23 Feb 2023 from https://diatoms.org/morphology.

Strelnikova, N.I., Fourtanier, E., and Kociolek, J.P. (2004) MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF AULACODISCUS SPECIES FROM THE “RUSSIAN COLLECTION” OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Diatom Research, 19:2, 283-310, DOI: 10.1080/0269249X.2004.9705876

Tiffany, Mary Ann (2023) numerous personal communications to identify specimens.

Tiffany, Mary Ann and Hernández-Becerril, David U. (2005) Valve development in the diatom family Asterolampraceae H. L Smith 1872. Micropaleontology, vol. 51, no. 3.

Williams, D.M. (1988) An illustrated catalogue of the type specimens in the Greville diatom herbarium. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany Series Vol 18 No 1.

Witkowski, Jakub (2023a) personal communication.

Witkowski, Jakub (2023b) Fossil diatom atlas (https://fossil-diatoms.com/atlas/index.php?page=atlas-home)

WITKOWSKI, JAKUB, PATRICIA A. SIMS, NINA I. STRELNIKOVA & DAVID M. WILLIAMS (2015) Entogoniopsis gen. nov. and Trilamina gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a survey of multipolar pseudocellate diatoms with internal costae, including comments on the genus Sheshukovia Gleser. Phytotaxa 209 (1): 001–089. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.209.1.1 [Here, Witkowski et al. (2015).]

Witkowski, Jakub, Patricia A. Sims & David M. Williams (2017) Typification of Eocene–Oligocene diatom taxa proposed by Grove & Sturt (1886–1887) from the Oamaru Diatomite, Diatom Research, 32:4, 363-408. [Here, Witkowski et al. (2017)]

Wikipedia (2023) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(botany) which refers to the ICN: McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Buck, W.R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W.F.; Smith, G.F.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. (2012). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Vol. Regnum Vegetabile 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. ISBN 978-3-87429-425-6. Chapter I. Article 4